HANTAVIRUS: Ibibazo 10 abaturage bibaza kuri iyi ndwara (n'ibisubizo by’abaganga)

Hantavirus ni iki?

Hantavirus ni indwara iterwa ndetse igakwirakwizwa n'imbeba ndetse ikaba ishobora no guteza urupfu.

Hantavirus ni itsinda rya virusi zibarizwa mu muryango wa Hantaviridae. Izi virusi zisanzwe ziba mu mbeba n’izindi nyamaswa zisa na zo, ariko zishobora kwanduza abantu. Iyo umuntu yanduye, ashobora kugira indwara zikomeye zifata ibihaha, umutima cyangwa impyiko bitewe n’ubwoko bwa virusi.

Mu bihugu byo muri Amerika, Hantavirus ikunze gutera indwara yitwa Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) cyangwa Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (HCPS), ifata cyane ibihaha n’umutima.

Mu Burayi no muri Aziya, ikunze gutera Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS), indwara yibasira impyiko n’imiyoboro y’amaraso.

Hantavirus yandura ite?

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kwandura ni uguhura n’inkari, amacandwe cyangwa umwanda w’imbeba zanduye.

Umuntu ashobora kwandura igihe:

• Ahumeka umukungugu urimo uduce tw’umwanda cyangwa inkari z’imbeba.
• Asukura ahantu hamaze igihe hadakoreshwa harimo imbeba.
• Akora mu mirima, amashyamba cyangwa ahantu hateraniye imbeba.
• Aribwa cyangwa agashwarwa n’imbeba (nubwo bidakunze kubaho).
• Arya cyangwa akoze  ku bintu byandujwe n’imbeba.

Abantu bakunze guhura n’iyi ndwara ni abahinzi, abashinzwe ubwubatsi, abakora mu mashyamba, abakambika mu byaro cyangwa abantu batuye ahantu higanjemo imbeba.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kwandura ni uguhura n’inkari, amacandwe cyangwa umwanda w’imbeba zanduye.

Ese Hantavirus ishobora kwandura hagati y’abantu?

Mu buryo busanzwe, Hantavirus ntishobora gukwirakwira (kwanduzanya) hagati y'abantu.

Ariko hari ubwoko bwihariye bwitwa Andes virus, buboneka muri Amerika y’Epfo cyane cyane muri Argentine na Chile, bwagaragaje ubushobozi bwo kwandura hagati y’abantu bafite umubano wa hafi kandi bamaze igihe kinini bari kumwe.

Abashakashatsi bagaragaza ko ubu bwandu bushoboka cyane igihe umurwayi ari mu ntangiriro z’indwara (incubation period).

Ibimenyetso bya Hantavirus

Ibimenyetso bishobora gutangira hagati y’icyumweru kimwe n’amezi abiri nyuma yo guhura na virusi. Akenshi bitangira nk’iby’ibicurane, bigatuma kuyisuzuma hakiri kare bigorana.

Ibimenyetso byo hambere:

• Umuriro
• Kubabara umutwe
• Kubabara imikaya
• Umunaniro ukabije
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Kubabara mu nda
• Impiswi
• Kuzungera (kugira isereri) cyangwa kugira ibihe byo gukonja

Iyo indwara ikomeye:

1. Ku bwoko bwa HPS/HCPS:

• Gukorora
• Kubura umwuka
• Amazi yuzura mu bihaha
• Umuvuduko w’amaraso ugabanuka
• Umutima gukora nabi
  

2. Ku bwoko bwa HFRS:

• Kunanirwa kw’impyiko
• Kuva amaraso imbere mu mubiri
• Guhungabana kw’amaraso
• Kugwa muri Shock cyangwa kugwa igihumure

Ubukana bw’iyi ndwara

Nubwo Hantavirus itandura cyane nk’izindi ndwara z’ibyorezo, ifite igipimo cyo gupfa kiri hejuru cyane:

• Mu Burayi na Aziya: hagati ya munsi ya 1% kugeza kuri 15%.
• Muri Amerika: hagati ya 20% na 50% bitewe n’ubwoko bwa virusi.

Ubwoko bwa HPS ni bwo bukomeye cyane kuko bushobora kwangiza ibihaha mu gihe gito cyane.

Kuyisuzuma bikorwa gute?

Kuyisuzuma biragorana kuko ibimenyetso byayo bisa n’iby’izindi ndwara nka:

• COVID-19
• Ibicurane
• Dengue
• Umusonga (Pneumonia)
• Leptospirosis

Abaganga bakenera kumenya niba umurwayi yarahuye n’imbeba cyangwa yarabaye ahantu hashobora kuba harimo umwanda wazo.

Ibizamini bikoreshwa harimo:

• Gupima antibodies za Hantavirus (IgM na IgG)
• RT-PCR yo gushaka RNA ya virusi

Hari urukingo cyangwa umuti?

Kugeza ubu:

• Nta rukingo rwemewe rwa Hantavirus ruraboneka.
• Nta muti wihariye uyivura.

Icyakora, kuvurwa hakiri kare no guhabwa ubufasha bwihariye kwa muganga bishobora kurokora ubuzima. Abafite ikibazo cyo guhumeka bashobora gushyirwa ku mashini ibafasha guhumeka, naho abafite ikibazo cy’impyiko bagakorerwa dialysis.

Uko wakwirinda Hantavirus

Kwirinda iyi ndwara bishingiye cyane ku kugabanya imbeba no kwirinda guhura n’umwanda wazo.

Inama z’ingenzi:

• Gufunga imyenge imbeba zinjiriramo.
• Kubika ibiryo neza.
• Gusukura inzu n’aho ukorera buri gihe.
• Gushyira imitego y’imbeba.
• Kutajya usukura umwanda w’imbeba ukoresheje supaneti cyangwa vacuum kuko bishobora gukwirakwiza virusi mu kirere.

Uko usukura ahantu harimo umwanda w’imbeba:

1. Fungura amadirishya iminota nibura 30.
2. Ambara udupfukamunwa n’udupfukantoki.
3. Tera umuti wica udukoko cyangwa bleach ivanze n’amazi.
4. Tegereza nibura iminota 5.
5. Koresha impapuro cyangwa mop itose usukure.

Icyorezo cya Hantavirus giheruka kuvugwa ku isi

Mu mwaka wa 2026, habaye ikibazo cy’ikwirakwira rya Andes virus ku bwato bw’ubukerarugendo bwa MV Hondius.

Hari abantu benshi banduye, bamwe barapfa abandi bajyanwa mu bitaro. Inzego z’ubuzima muri Canada, Amerika n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO) zakurikiranye iki kibazo cyane kubera impungenge z’ubwandu hagati y’abantu.

Nubwo ibyago byo gukwirakwira cyane byagaragajwe nk’ibiri hasi, ibi byibukije isi ko indwara zikomoka ku nyamaswa zikomeza kuba ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima rusange.

Umwanzuro

Hantavirus ni indwara ikomeye ariko ishobora kwirindwa.

Kumenya uburyo yandura, ibimenyetso byayo n’ingamba zo kwirinda ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku bantu batuye cyangwa bakorera ahantu hashobora kuba imbeba nyinshi.

Mu gihe umuntu afite umuriro, ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa ibimenyetso bisa n’iby’ibicurane nyuma yo guhura n’imbeba cyangwa umwanda wazo, ni ngombwa kwihutira kujya kwa muganga no kubimenyesha.

Kwirinda no gufata ingamba hakiri kare ni byo by’ingenzi mu kurinda ubuzima.