Ese Uzi Neza Niba Utarwaye Diabete?

Diabete ni iki?

Diabete ni indwara ituma umubiri w'umuntu udashobora kugenzura neza igipimo cy'isukari (glucose) mu maraso. Iyi sukari ikaba ari isoko y'ingufu ku mubiri, ariko iyo igipimo cyayo kiri hejuru cyangwa gike cyane, bishobora guteza ibibazo ku buzima. Diabete igira amoko abiri, akaba ari:

1. Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 (Type 1 diabetes): Iki ni igihe umubiri utabasha gukora insuline, ikaba ari hormone ifasha isukari kwinjira mu ngingo n'uturemangingo. Abantu bafite iyi ndwara usanga batabasha gukora insuline ku buryo buhagije, bigatuma bagomba gufata insuline y'inyongera buri munsi.
2. Diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 (Type 2 diabetes): Iki ni igihe umubiri utabasha gukoresha insuline neza cyangwa se insuline ikaba idakora neza. Iyi ndwara ifata abantu benshi, kandi ikunze kuboneka mu bantu bakuru cyangwa abahoraho mu buzima budahwitse, nko kugira ibiro byinshi no gukora imyitozo idahagije.

Icyo abantu babivugaho

Hari ibihuha byinshi byagiye bivugwa ku ndwara ya diyabete, bikaba ari ibintu bitari ukuri cyangwa byigishwa mu buryo bw'amakuru atizewe. Dore bimwe muri byo:

• Diabete ni indwara ikunze kuboneka gusa mu bantu bafite ibiro byinshi

  Iki ni ikihuha kuko nubwo abahanga bavuga ko kubura ubuzima bwiza, no kugira ibiro byinshi ari bimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira diabete, hari abantu benshi bafite diabete bafite ibiro biboneye cyangwa basanzwe bafite ubuzima bwiza.

• Diabete ishobora gukira burundu

  Nubwo hari uburyo bwo kugenzura diabete, iyi ndwara ntabwo ikira burundu. Icy'ingenzi ni ugukurikiza gahunda yo kugenzura igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso no gufata imiti igihe bikenewe.

• Diabete ni indwara idakomeye cyangwa ifite ingaruka nyinshi

  Iki ni ikihuha kuko diabete, iyo idafashwe neza, ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima, harimo indwara z'umutima, kwangirika k'amaso (diabetic retinopathy), ibibazo by'ubwonko, ndetse no kwangirika k'umubiri muri rusange cyangwa ubumuga...

• Kubura insuline bivuze ko ufite diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 gusa

  Ibi ni ibihuha kuko nubwo diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 ifite isano no kubura insuline, n'abafite diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kutayikoresha neza. Ubu buryo bwo gukoresha insuline cyangwa gufata imiti y'inyongera buracyari ngombwa mu guhangana na diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.

• Inzoga zishobora gukiza diabete

  Hari abantu batekereza ko kunywa inzoga bishobora kugabanya igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso cyangwa "gukiza" diabete. Ibi ni ikihuha kuko kunywa inzoga ntibigira akamaro mu guhangana n'indwara ya diabete kandi bishobora gutera ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima.

• Imiti ya diyabete isiga ikimenyetso mu mubiri

  Ibi si byo, kuko imiti ya diyabete igamije kugenzura igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso, kandi ntigira ingaruka zigaragara ku mubiri (nk'ibimenyetso by'umubiri) mu buryo bugaragara.
  NB: Gusa mugihe imiti itafashwe neza, ishobora gutera ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima.

Diabete iterwa ni iki?

Diabete iterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, kandi impamvu zishobora kuba zitandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa diabete. Dore bimwe mu bintu bitera diabete:

• Ibiro byinshi

  Kugira ibiro byinshi ni kimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Iyo umuntu afite ibiro byinshi cyane, bituma umubiri utabasha gukoresha insuline neza.

• Imirire itari myiza

  Kurya ibiryo byinshi byuzuyemo isukari nyinshi cyangwa ibiribwa bifite amavuta menshi bishobora gutera diabete.

• Imiterere y'umubiri

  Abantu b'ingeri zimwe (nka abagore batwite, ababa bafite amateka y'imiryango bafite diabete) bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.

• Gahunda y'imiryango

  Diabete ishobora guhererekanwa mu miryango, bityo kuba ukomoka mu muryango ufite amateka ya diabete byongera ibyago byo kuyirwara.

• Imihangayiko (Stress)

  Kubaho mu buryo bugutera imihangayiko myinshi cyangwa guhura n'ibibazo by'ubuzima bitera guhindura imikorere y'umubiri, bigatuma isukari mu maraso ikora mu buryo butari bwiza

Hari n'izindi mpamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera indwara ya diabete. Gusa muri rusange, diabete iterwa ahanini n'ibintu bikubiyemo imirire, imyitozo, ibiro byinshi, ndetse no kuba umuntu afite amateka y'indwara nk'umuvuduko w'amaraso...

Ni ibihe bimenyetso biyiranga?

Ibimenyetso bya diabete bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bwa diabete (ubwoko bwa 1 cyangwa ubwoko bwa 2), ariko hari bimwe muri rusange bishobora kugaragara mu bantu bafite diabete. Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi:

• Kunywa amazi menshi (Polydipsia)

  Umuntu ufite diabete ashobora kumva ahora ashaka kunywa amazi menshi kubera ko umubiri usohora cyane amazi mu gihe isukari mu maraso itavangwa neza.

• Gukora umukororombya mwinshi (Polyuria)

  Umuntu arashobora gusohora umwanda mwinshi (nk'amasohoro) kubera ko umubiri utabasha kubika isukari, ikaba isohoka mu mwanda.

• Kugira inzara nyinshi (Polyphagia)

  Nubwo umuntu afata amafunguro, ashobora kumva atuzuye kandi agahora ashaka kurya kubera ko umubiri udakoresha isukari neza.

• Guhorana umunaniro ukabije (Fatigue)

  Umuntu ashobora kumva ananiwe cyane kubera ko umubiri udashobora gukoresha neza isukari mu gutanga ingufu.

• Ibibazo ku ruhu

  Abantu bafite diabete bashobora kugira ibibazo ku ruhu nk'ibikomere bitavurwa neza, gukomereka byoroheje, cyangwa kubyimba kenshi.

• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona neza

  Guhinduka kw'ubushobozi bwo kubona neza, nk'uburimiro cyangwa kumva amaso atabona neza.

• Ibibazo by'utubyimba (Infections)

  Diabete ishobora gutera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'infection kuko imisemburo y'umubiri ntishobora gukora neza mu guhangana n'ubwandu.

• Kugabanuka k'ibiro

  Mu bantu bafite diabete y'ubwoko bwa 1, bagenda bagabanya ibiro byabo nubwo baba bararya.

Niba hari ibi bimenyetso biboneka, ni byiza kugana muganga kugira ngo harebwe niba umuntu afite diabete cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima.
NB: Gukora ibizamini by'amaraso ni byo byonyine bishobora kwemeza niba umuntu afite diabete.

Ni gute wabaho mugihe ufite diabete?

Kuba ufite diabete si iherezo ry'ubuzima bwawe. Ushobora kubana n'iyi ndwara mu buryo bwiza kandi ukagira ubuzima buzira umuze. Gusa bisaba kwitwararika no gukurikiza gahunda zisanzwe kugira ngo ushyire mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kuyigenzura neza. Dore ingamba zo kubana n'indwara ya diabete:

• Kugenzura igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso

  Ni ingenzi kugenzura igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso ukoresheje igipimo cya "glucometer." Ibi bizagufasha kumenya niba isukari iri ku gipimo cyiza cyangwa niba hari aho igipimo kiri hejuru cyangwa hasi. Buri gihe ukurikije inama za muganga ku buryo bukwiye bwo gukurikirana.

• Kubahiriza gahunda y'imiti

  Fata imiti nk’uko umuganga aguha, niba ufite diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 cyangwa 2. Ibi ni ukugira ngo ubungabunge igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso.

• Kwita ku mirire: Kurya indyo iboneye, Kwita ku rugero rw'isukari

  Kubana na diabete bisaba kurya indyo y'ibiribwa birimo intungamubiri, imbuto, imboga, ibinyampeke bisanzwe (whole grains), n'ibiribwa bifite fibre nyinshi. Ni byiza kwirinda ibiribwa birimo isukari nyinshi nka soda, ibinyobwa bisembuye, cyangwa ibiribwa byihariye by'ibinyomoro. Ibi bizagufasha kugenzura igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso no kugira ubuzima bwiza.

• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Kugabanya imihangayiko no Kwita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe

  Kubana n'indwara ya diabete birashobora gutera impungenge. Kwiga uburyo bwo kwakira iyo ndwara no kuganira ku bibazo byawe n'abantu bagufasha bizagufasha kuguma mu mwuka mwiza.

• Kurinda indwara z'umuvuduko w'amaraso

  Abantu bafite diabete bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima nk'umuvuduko w'amaraso, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa indwara z'amaso. Kwirinda umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso no gukurikiza gahunda zo gufata imiti bizagufasha

• Gukurikirana ubuzima bw'amaso n'ibindi bibazo

  Abantu bafite diabete bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo by'amaso. Gukora ibizamini by'amaso no kubikurikira neza ni ingenzi. Ni byiza kandi kugenzura ubuzima bw'ubwonko n'impyiko, kuko ibi bibazo biterwa na diabete.

• Kumenya igihe cyo kujya kwa muganga

  Kujya kwa muganga kenshi ni ingenzi kugenzura ubuzima bwawe buri gihe kandi ukajya kwa muganga buri gihe nk'uko umuganga abiteganya. Ibi bizatuma hamenyekana ibime

Uko wakwirinda indwara ya diabete

Kwirinda diabete ni ingenzi cyane, kandi hari ingamba nyinshi umuntu ashobora gufata kugira ngo agabanye ibyago byo kuyirwara. Dore bimwe mu bikorwa by'ingenzi byagufasha kwirinda diabete:

• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri

  Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nk'ukugenda n'amaguru, kwiruka, koga, no gukora imikono cyangwa yoga bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kugabanya igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso no kongera imikorere y'umubiri. Gukora imyitozo 30-60 min buri munsi cyangwa byibura iminsi 5 mu cyumweru ni byiza..

• Kwita ku mirire

  Imirire ifite intungamubiri nk'ibiribwa birimo imboga n'imbuto, ibinyampeke bisanzwe, ibinyomoro, n'ibiribwa bifite fibre nyinshi, birafasha mu kugabanya igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso.

• Gukurikirana ibiro

  Kuba ufite ibiro byinshi (overweight) cyangwa ibiro by'umubiri biharanye n'ubunini bw'umutwe (obesity) ni kimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira diabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Kugabanya ibiro ukoresheje imyitozo no kurya indyo iboneye bizagabanya ibyago byo kurwara diabete.

• Kwitonda ku muvuduko w'amaraso n'ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima

  Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije (hypertension) ni kimwe mu bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira diabete. Kwitondera imikorere y'umubiri, kwirinda ibiryo byongera umuvuduko w'amaraso, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bizafasha kugabanya ibi byago.

• Kwirinda itabi n'inzoga

  Itabi ritera ibibazo by'ubuzima birimo indwara z'umutima no kuba umuntu yakora impinduka mu mikorere y'umubiri, bigatera ikibazo ku mikorere ya insuline. Kwirinda itabi ni ingenzi mu kwirinda diabete. Inzoga nyinshi cyane zigira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere ya insulin, bigatuma isukari ikomeza kuzamuka mu maraso.

• Kwitondera amateka y’umuryango

  Niba mu muryango wawe hari abantu barwaye diabete, uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara. Gukurikiza uburyo

Ibibazo wabaza muganga...

Mu gihe urwaye diabete, ni ingenzi gukorana n'umuganga kugira ngo ubashe kugenzura indwara no kuyirinda kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Dore bimwe mu bibazo wakwibaza umuganga igihe urwaye diabete:

1. Ku byerekeye imiti:
   • Ni imiti iyihe ngomba gufata kugira ngo ngenzure diabete neza?
   • Ni gute nakoresha insuline cyangwa imiti ya diabete neza?
   • Ni ryari ngomba guhindura umubare w'imiti, cyangwa gufata ibindi binyabuzima byunganira?
   • Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'iyo miti?
2. Ku bijyanye n'ibiribwa n'imirire:
   • Ni ibihe biribwa byiza ku bantu barwaye diabete?
   • Ni ibihe bintu ngomba kwirinda mu mirire yanjye?
3. Ku bijyanye no kugenzura isukari:
   • Ni gute nakora igenzura ry'isukari mu maraso?
   • Ni mugihe kingana iki ngomba gupima isukari mu maraso?
   • Ese isukari izajya yegerana cyane (hyperglycemia) cyangwa ikagabanuka cyane (hypoglycemia) bishobora kutera ibibazo bikomeye?
4. Ku bijyanye n'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire:
   • Ni gute nakwirinda ibibazo by'amaso, umutima, cyangwa utubyimba byaterwa na diabete?
   • Ni ibihe bipimo by'amaraso (nka cholesterol cyangwa umuvuduko w'amaraso) ngomba kugenzura?
5. Ku bijyanye n'ubuzima bw'igihe kizaza:
   • Nkwiriye gukora iki kugira ngo ibikorwa byanjye bya buri munsi bitabangamire diabete?
   • Ni gute nakwitegura ibihe bizaza mu guhangana n'indwara ya diabete?

Kwibaza ibi bibazo no kugisha inama umuganga bizagufasha gukurikirana no guhangana n'indwara ya diabete mu buryo bwiza kandi bwizewe.