Indwara ya Dyslexia: Uko umwarimu n'umubyeyi bashobora kumenya umwana urwaye (n'uburyo bwiza bw'uburezi bwihariye)

Dyslexia - Sobanukirwa neza ikibazo cyo kwiga gisanzwe ariko kidakwiye kwitiranywa n’ubwenge buke

Dyslexia ntabwo ari indwara, ahubwo ni ikibazo cyo kwiga no gusobanukirwa, gifitanye isano n’imikorere y’ururimi, cyane cyane gusoma, kwandika no kwandika amagambo neza.

Ni uburyo ubwonko butunganya amakuru mu buryo butandukanye n’ubw’abandi, ariko ntibivuze ko umuntu afite ubwenge buke. Abantu bafite ikibazo cya Dyslexia  bashobora kuba bafite impano zikomeye mu guhanga udushya, ubuhanzi, ikoranabuhanga, imibare, ubucuruzi cyangwa gukemura ibibazo.

Iki kibazo kigaragara cyane mu bana, ariko gishobora no gukomeza kugeza umuntu akuze. Dyslexia  ni ikibazo gihoraho ubuzima bwose, ariko umuntu ashobora kwiga neza no gutsinda mu buzima iyo abonye ubufasha bukwiye hakiri kare.

Dyslexia ni ikibazo cyo kwiga gisanzwe ariko kidakwiye kwitiranywa n’ubwenge buke

Dyslexia ni iki?

Dyslexia ni ikibazo cyihariye cyo kwiga (specific learning difficulty/disability) cyibasira cyane ubushobozi bwo:

• Gusoma neza kandi vuba
• Kwandika amagambo neza
• Gusobanukirwa inyandiko
• Guhuza inyuguti n’amajwi
• Kwibuka uko amagambo cyangwa inyuguti bikurikirana

Abantu bafite iki kibazo bashobora kumva neza iyo babwiwe ibintu mu magambo, ariko bakagira ikibazo cyo kubisoma cyangwa kubyandika.

Dyslexia si uburwayi bwo mu mutwe kandi si ubunebwe, ahubwo ni uburyo bwihariye ubwonko bukoramo mu gutunganya ururimi n’amakuru.

Abantu bafite iki kibazo bashobora kumva neza iyo babwiwe ibintu mu magambo, ariko bakagira ikibazo cyo kubisoma cyangwa kubyandika.

Impamvu zitera Dyslexia

Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko Dyslexia ifitanye isano n’itandukaniro mu mikurire no mu mikorere y’ubwonko, cyane cyane ibice bifasha:

• kumenya amajwi y’inyuguti,
• guhuza inyuguti n’amajwi,
• gusoma amagambo no kuyasobanukirwa.

Akenshi Dyslexia iba ari ikintu umuntu avukana kandi ishobora gukomoka mu muryango. Umubyeyi ufite Dyslexia ashobora kubyara umwana uyifite.

Hari n’igihe Dyslexia ishobora guterwa n’ibibazo by’ubwonko byabaye nyuma, nko gukomereka ku mutwe cyangwa indwara zifata ubwonko.

Ibimenyetso bya Dyslexia

Ibimenyetso biratandukana bitewe n’imyaka n’uburemere bw’ikibazo.

1. Mu bana bato:

Umwana ashobora:

• kugorwa no kwiga inyuguti,
• kutabasha gutandukanya amagambo asa mu majwi,
• kugorwa no kuvuga amagambo asubiramo amajwi amwe (rhyming),
• kuvanga amagambo cyangwa inyuguti.

2. Mu gihe cyo gutangira ishuri:

Umwana ashobora:

• gusoma buhoro cyane,
• kwandika amagambo uko yumvikana aho kuyandika neza,
• kwibagirwa inyuguti nubwo yabitojwe kenshi,
• kuvanga inyuguti nka “b” na “d” cyangwa “p” na “q”,
• gusoma ijambo nabi, urugero “bat” akarigira “tab”.

3. Mu bana bakuru n’abakuze:

Hashobora kugaragara:

• gusoma buhoro no kongera gusoma kenshi ngo basobanukirwe,
• kugira ikibazo cyo kwandika neza,
• kugira ipfunwe ryo gusomera abandi,
• kugorwa no kwiga ururimi rushya,
• kugorwa no gukurikirana amabwiriza menshi,
• kwibagirwa gahunda cyangwa igihe,
• kugorwa n’imibare yanditse mu magambo.

Hari kandi ibindi biranga abantu benshi bafite ikibazo cya Dyslexia:

• kwiga neza bakoresheje amashusho n’ibikorwa bifatika,
• kugira ubuhanga bwo guhanga no gutekereza mu buryo bwagutse,
• kugira kwibuka gukomeye ku bintu babonye cyangwa banyuzemo,
• kugira ikibazo cyo kwibuka ibintu bikurikirana nk’inyuguti cyangwa imibare.

Dyslexia si uburwayi bwo mu mutwe kandi si n'ubunebwe

Dyslexia si ikimenyetso cy’ubwenge buke

Iki ni kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi abantu bagomba kumenya. Abantu benshi bafite ikibazo cya Dyslexia baba bafite ubwenge busanzwe cyangwa buri hejuru cyane.

Bamwe baba bafite impano zidasanzwe mu:

• buhanzi,
• muzika,
• ikoranabuhanga,
• engineering,
• ubucuruzi,
• siporo,
• gukemura ibibazo.

Ikibazo nyamukuru baba bafite ni uburyo ubwonko bwabo butunganya inyandiko n’amajwi. Ntibigomba kwitiranwa n'ubuswa, ubunebwe cyangwa uburwayi bwo mu mutwe.

Ingaruka za Dyslexia

Iyo umuntu atabonye ubufasha hakiri kare, ikibazo cya Dyslexia gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye:

• gutsindwa cyangwa kudakunda ishuri,
• kwiheba no gutakariza icyizere,
• kugira ubwoba bwo gusoma imbere y’abandi,
• ibibazo byo kwiheba cyangwa guhangayika,
• kutumvikana neza n’abandi.

Abana benshi bafite ikibazo cya Dyslexia bashobora kwitwa abanebwe cyangwa ko badashaka kwiga, kandi ibyo bishobora kubababaza no kubaca intege.

Hano ni ngombwa cyane ko mwalimu ndetse n'ababyeyi cyangwa undi muntu urera umwana asobanukirwa imimerere umwana arimo kugira ngo hatabaho kumubabaza cyangwa kumuhutaza bitewe no kwitiranya ikibazo afite n'ubunebwe, ubuswa cyangwa kudashaka kwiga.

Uko wafasha umuntu ufite ikibazo cya Dyslexia

Nta muti ukuraho cyangwa uvura Dyslexia burundu, ariko ubufasha bukwiye butuma umuntu atera imbere cyane.

1. Ubufasha bwo kwiga:

Abana n’abakuze bashobora gufashwa binyuze mu:

• uburyo bwihariye bwo kwigisha bukoresha kureba, kumva no gukora icyarimwe,
• imyitozo ihoraho yo gusoma no kwandika,
• amasomo yihariye yo gutandukanya amajwi n’inyuguti,
• gukoresha audiobooks cyangwa porogaramu zisoma inyandiko,
• igihe cy’inyongera mu bizamini,
• gufashwa kwandika inyandiko cyangwa gufata notes.

2. Ubufasha bwo mu mutwe:

Kubera ko Dyslexia ishobora gutera ipfunwe cyangwa kwiheba, kuganira n’inzobere mu buzima bwo mu mutwe bishobora gufasha umuntu kongera icyizere no kugabanya stress.

3. Ubufasha bwo mu rugo:

Ababyeyi bashobora:

• gusomera abana,
• kubatoza mu buryo buboroheye,
• kubashimira aho kubagereranya n’abandi,
• kubafasha gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ribafasha kwiga.

Dyslexia n’izindi ndwara cyangwa ibibazo byo kwiga

Dyslexia ikunze kujyana n’ibindi bibazo nka:

• ADHD (kudatuza mu bitekerezo cyangwa kurangara cyane),
• Dysgraphia (ikibazo cyo kwandika),
• Dyscalculia (ikibazo cy’imibare),
• Ibibazo byo gutunganya (gusobanukirwa) amakuru cyangwa kwibuka.

Ese umuntu ufite ikibazo cya Dyslexia ashobora gutsinda?

Yego rwose. Abantu benshi bafite ikibazo cya Dyslexia bageze ku ntsinzi zikomeye mu buzima. Nubwo gusoma no kwandika bishobora kubagora, bakunze kugira:

• ubuhanga bwo gukemura ibibazo,
• gutekereza mu buryo budasanzwe,
• guhanga udushya,
• kwihangana
• no kudacika intege.

Iyo umuntu abonye ubufasha hakiri kare, akiga mu buryo bumukwiriye kandi agashyigikirwa n’umuryango ndetse n’ishuri, ashobora kugera kure nk’abandi bose.

...iyo umuntu abonye ubufasha hakiri kare, akiga mu buryo bumukwiriye kandi agashyigikirwa n’umuryango ndetse n’ishuri, ashobora kugera kure nk’abandi bose

Umwanzuro

Dyslexia ni ikibazo cy'uburyo butandukanye bwo kwiga no gutunganya amakuru, si uburwayi bw’ubwenge cyangwa ubunebwe.

Gusoma no kwandika bishobora kugora umuntu ufite ikibazo cya Dyslexia, ariko iyo ashyigikiwe neza ashobora kwiga, gukora no kugera ku ntego ze.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni:

• kumenya ikibazo hakiri kare,
• kwirinda gusebya cyangwa guca intege umwana,
• gutanga ubufasha bwihariye,
• no kwemera ko abantu batekereza kandi biga mu buryo butandukanye.

Dyslexia ishobora guhindura uburyo umuntu yiga, ariko ntigena icyo ashobora kugeraho mu buzima.