Indwara yaAsima (Asthma): Uko Wayigenzura, Ibyongera ibibazo n’Uburyo bwo kubaho neza mu gihe uyifite

Incamake

Asthma cyangwa Asima ni indwara y’imyanya y’ubuhumekero ituma imiyoboro ijyana umwuka mu bihaha ishobora kubyimba no kwifunga rimwe na rimwe.

Iyo ibi bibaye, umuntu ashobora kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, gukorora, kumva igituza gifunze cyangwa guhumeka humvikana ijwi risa n’urusaku.

Asthma ishobora kubaho ku bana no ku bantu bakuru. Nubwo idakira burundu ku bantu bose, kuyimenya no kuyigenzura neza bishobora gufasha umuntu kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.

Asthma iterwa n’iki?

Nta mpamvu nimwe rukumbi izwi itera Asthma. Akenshi iterwa no guhuza ibintu bitandukanye birimo:

• Aho umuntu yavutse - isano ndangamoko (genetic factors)
• Uburyo umubiri witwara ku bintu bimwe na bimwe
• Imiterere y’ibidukikije umuntu abamo
• Kuba yarahuye n’ibintu bishobora kwangiza cyangwa kurakaza imyanya y’ubuhumekero

Abantu bamwe bashobora kugira Asthma kubera ko imiyoboro y’umwuka iba yorohera kurakazwa (triggered) n’ibintu runaka.

Ibintu bishobora kongera ibimenyetso bya Asthma

Ibintu bitera Asthma cyangwa bikongera ibimenyetso byayo ntibiba bimwe ku bantu bose.

Bimwe mu bikunze kuboneka harimo:

1. Umukungugu n’ibintu byo mu nzu

Ibintu nka:

• Umukungugu wo mu rugo
• Utunyabuzima duto tuba mu mukungugu (dust mites)
• Ubwoya bw’amatungo amwe

bishobora gutera ibimenyetso ku bantu bamwe.

2. Umwuka wanduye n’imyotsi

Kuba hafi y:

• Umwotsi w’itabi
• Umwanda wo mu kirere
• Impumuro zikomeye cyane

Ibio byose bishobora gutera ikibazo ku bantu bafite ikibazo cya asthma.

3. Imyitozo ngororamubiri

Imyitozo ntabwo ari mbi ku bantu bafite Asthma.

Ariko bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso nyuma yo gukora siporo, cyane cyane iyo Asthma yabo itagenzuwe neza.

Umuganga ashobora gufasha umuntu kumenya uburyo bwo gukora imyitozo neza.

4. Indwara z’ubuhumekero

Ibicurane n’izindi ndwara zifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero bishobora kongera ibimenyetso bya Asthma ku bantu bamwe.

5. Ibiryo n’ibinyobwa

Ibiryo ntabwo ari byo bitera Asthma ku bantu benshi.

Ariko hari abantu bamwe bafite allergie ku biryo runaka bishobora kubongerera ibyago byo kugira ikibazo.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko atari buri muntu ufite Asthma ugomba kwirinda ibiryo bimwe.

Ibimenyetso bya Asthma

Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara harimo:

• Guhumeka bigoranye
• Gukorora kenshi, cyane cyane nijoro cyangwa mu gitondo
• Kumva igituza gifunze
• Guhumeka humvikana ijwi risa n’urusaku (wheezing)
• Kunanirwa vuba mu bikorwa bimwe

Ibimenyetso bishobora kuza bikagenda, kandi bishobora kwiyongera iyo umuntu ahuye n’ikintu kimutera ikibazo.

Ni bande bafite ibyago byinshi?

Asthma ishobora kwibasira umuntu uwo ari we wese, ariko ibyago bishobora kwiyongera ku:

• Bafite amateka ya Asthma mu muryango
• Bafite allergie zimwe na zimwe
• Bahura n’umwotsi cyangwa umwuka wanduye kenshi
• Bakora cyangwa baba ahantu harimo ibintu birakaza imyanya y’ubuhumekero

Asthma isuzumwa ite?

Umuganga ashobora kureba:

• Ibimenyetso umuntu afite
• Amateka y’ubuzima bwe
• Uko ibihaha bikora

Hashobora gukorwa ibizamini nka:

• Spirometry (gupima imikorere y’ibihaha)
• Ibindi bizamini by’ubuhumekero bitewe n’uko umuntu ameze

Uko Asthma ivurwa kandi ikagenzurwa

Uburyo bwo kuyifata bugenwa n’umuganga bitewe n’ubukana bw’ikibazo.

Bushobora kubamo:

1. Imiti ifasha guhumeka

Hari imiti ikoreshwa mu gufungura imiyoboro y’umwuka igihe ikibazo kibaye.

2. Imiti igabanya kubyimba kw’imiyoboro y’umwuka

Ku bantu bamwe, hashobora gukoreshwa imiti ifasha kugenzura Asthma igihe kirekire.

3. Kwirinda ibitera ikibazo

Kumenya ibintu bitera ibimenyetso no kubyirinda bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibibazo.

Uko umuntu ufite Asthma yakwiyitaho

Bimwe mu byafasha harimo:

• Gukoresha imiti uko yabwiwe n’umuganga
• Kwirinda umwotsi w’itabi
• Gukomeza gukora ibikorwa by’umubiri bikwiye
• Kumenya ibitera ibimenyetso bye
• Gukurikiranwa n’inzobere igihe bikenewe

Ese umuntu ufite Asthma ashobora gukora siporo cyangwa akazi gasanzwe?

Yego. Abantu benshi bafite Asthma bashobora gukora siporo no kugira ubuzima busanzwe iyo indwara igenzuwe neza.

Icy’ingenzi ni ukumenya uko umubiri wabo witwara no gukurikiza inama z’abaganga.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga byihutirwa?

Shaka ubufasha bwo kwa muganga niba:

• Guhumeka bikomeje kugorana
• Umuntu adashobora kuvuga neza kubera kubura umwuka
• Imiti isanzwe itagabanya ikibazo
• Ibimenyetso bikomeza kwiyongera

Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by’ikibazo gikomeye gisaba ubufasha bwihuse.

Umwanzuro

Asthma ni indwara y’ubuhumekero ishobora guterwa n’imiterere y’umubiri n’ibintu byo mu bidukikije.

Kumenya ibitera ibimenyetso, gukurikiza ubuvuzi butangwa n’inzobere, no kwirinda ibishobora kuyongera bishobora gufasha umuntu kubana na yo neza.