Indwara ya Asthma. Ese koko urayisobanukiwe?

Asthma niki?

Indwara ya Asima (Asthma) ni indwara ukwiye kwitondera cyane kuko ifata imyanya y'ubuhumekero (ibihaha n'inzira ijya mu bihaha) bigatuma umuntu agira ibibazo byo guhumeka birimo gukorora, gusemeka ndetse no gusumeka insigane wabuze umwuka bitewe nuko inzira ijya mu bihaha iba yafunganye ndetse huzuyemo n'amazi.

Indwara ya Asthma (Asima) ikunda kuboneka no mu bana cyane kuko usanga akenshi ikunze guhererekanwa mu gisekuru, bityo rero ni byiza ko umubyeyi yamenya neza ibimenyetso biyiranga ndetse n'icyo wakora mu gihe yafashe umwana wawe.

Asthma iterwa niki?

Muri make ikintu nyirizina gitera indwara ya asthma ntikizwi. Ariko hari ibintu byamaze kugaragara bitekerezwa ko bitera iyi ndwara cyangwa byongera ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara, kandi usanga abarwayi benshi b'asthma babihuriyeho:

• aho umuntu aba ndetse n'úturemangingo ndangasano (gene) twe.
• umuntu ukunda kugira alerigi (allergy) ku bintu byinshi.
• umuntu ufite umubyibuho ukabije.
• umwana wavutse igihe kitageze cyangwa wavukanye ibiro bikeya.
• umwana wakunze kugira uburwayi bwo mu bihaha buterwa na virusi (viral infections).
• umwana wakunze gutegezwa umwotsi w'itabi

Ni bihe bimenyetso biyiranga?

Ubusanzwe k'umuntu muzima guhumeka ni ibintu byikora (umwuka winjira mu bihaha ukanasohoka) ndetse utigeze unabitekerezaho kandi bitanagoranye.

Ariko k'umuntu urwaye asthma usanga ibintu bitandukanye kuko inzira ijya mu bihaha iba yabyimbye igafungana, noneho byahurirana na bimwe mu byo twavuze byongerera asthma ubukana umurwayi akarurasho kuremba.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso by'indwara ya Asthma:

• inkorora (akenshi ikunda kuza nijoro)
• ibibazo byo kunanirwa guhumeka neza (akenshi iyo ikirere gihindutse cyangwa ibintu bitumuka)
• gufungana cyane mu gituza (kumva hari nk'ikintu kiri kukuniga ukabura umwuka)
• gusemeka (wheezing) bitewe nuko umwuka uba wabuze inzira ihagije wanyuramo

Ese asthma iravurwa igakira burundu?

Indwara y'asthma nkuko twabivuze ni indwara ifata ibihaha kandi ikagira impamvu nyinshi zishobora kuyitera cyangwa kuyongerera ubukana nkuko twazivuze haruguru. Bisobanura ko bigoye ko umuntu yavuga ngo irakira burundu cyane cyane iyo impamvu zo kuyongerera ubukana zigihari.

Icyakora, uburyo n'ubukana yagufatagamo ikakuzahaza bishobora kugabanuka cyane ndetse kuburyo ushobora gutekereza ko yanakize burundu. Ibi uzabivuga mu gihe nibura umaze amezi arenga 12 utongeye kugira ikibazo cya asthma (habe na rimwe) kandi udafata n'imiti.

ICYITONDERWA: Nubwo ushobora kumva umeze neza ugatekereza ko indwara ufite yaba yarakize, ni ngombwa ko uhora ufite imiti y'asthma hafi kandi ugakomeza kwirinda bya bintu biyongerera ubukana kuko ishoborea kugutungura igihe icyi aricyo cyose.

Ibindi wamenya kuri asthma

Umurwayi bw'asthma aba agomba kwitabwaho cyane. Bityo rero kuzirikana ibi bintu bizamufasha:

• fata imiti neza wahawe na muganga, kandi wirinde gupfa kugura imiti utazi muri farumasi (pharmacy)
• gerageza kwifubika neza cyane cyane igihe utekereza ko ikirere gishobora guhinduka
• irinde ibintu bitumuka kandi igihe ugiye kwinjira ahantu utizeye neza cyangwa ubona ahantu hatari  umwuka uhagije (amadirishya afunguye) wambare agapfukamunwa
• irinde ibintu byose uryaho cyangwa unywaho ukamererwa nabi, kandi ugerageze kumenya n'ibindi byagutera alerigi (allergy)
• ibutsa muganga (igihe wagiye kwivuza iyindi ndwara) ko usanzwe ugira ikibazo cy'asthma unamubwire imiti cyangwa ibindi bigutera alerigi.
• gerageza ureke itabi,  n'ibindi bimeze nkaryo, niba wari usanzwe urinywa
• gerageza kwirinda imihangayiko (stress) itari ngombwa n'imyitozo ngororamubiri ikomeye