Uko Wabara kandi Ugakurikirana Imihango Yawe: Menya Iminsi y’Uburumbuke, Imihango Isanzwe n’Idasanzwe

Ibibazo Bikunze Kwibazwa Cyane

Hari ibibazo bitandukanye usanga abagore n'abakobwa benshi bahuriyeho, kuburyo ndetse usanga abenshi babyitiranya; bityo ntibasobanukirwe neza uburyo bwo kubara ukwezi kwabo k'uburumbuke.

Dore ibibazo 5 abagore n'abakobwa benshi bakunze kwibaza:

Q1. Umunsi wa mbere w’imihango ubarwa ute?

Umunsi wa mbere ubarwa ni umunsi imihango itangiriyeho. Ukwezi k'umugore kubarwa kuva uwo munsi kugeza ku munsi ubanziriza imihango ikurikira.

Q2. Ukwezi k'umugore gusanzwe kumara iminsi ingahe?

Uburebure bwa'ukwezi k'umugore buratandukana ku muntu. Urubuga WHO ruvuga ko ukwezi k'umugore (menstrual cycle) kumara ku mpuzandengo y’iminsi 21–35. Icy’ingenzi ni ukureba uko cycle yawe isanzwe imeze no kumenya impinduka zidasanzwe.

Q3. Iminsi y'uburumbuke (Ovulation) ihora iba ku munsi wa 14?

Oya. Ovulation ntibera ku munsi wa 14 kuri buri mugore. Igihe ibera gishobora guhinduka bitewe n’uburebure bw'ukwezi k'umugore (cycle) kwa buri muntu n’izindi mpinduka z’umubiri.

Q4. Ese nshobora gusama nkiri mu mihango?

Birashoboka. Igihe cy’uburumbuke gishobora gutandukana hagati y’abagore ndetse no hagati ya cycles. Kubara iminsi gusa ntibishobora kwemeza ko umuntu adashobora gusama.

Q5. Kuba imihango yanjye idahoraho yaba ari ikibazo?

Imihango ishobora guhinduka bitewe n’imyaka, imihindagurikire y’imisemburo n’izindi mpamvu. Ariko imihango idasanzwe, ibabaza cyane cyangwa kuva amaraso menshi bishobora kuba impamvu yo kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo bagufashe. Urubuga WHO rushimangira ko ibimenyetso nk’ibi bikwiye gusuzumwa, cyane cyane iyo bihungabanya ubuzima bwa buri munsi.

Kumenya uko imihango yawe iteye ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’ubuzima bw’imyororokere. Gukurikirana imihango bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe utegereje imihango ikurikira, kubona impinduka zidasanzwe hakiri kare, no gusobanukirwa neza n’igihe ushobora kuba uri mugihe cy'uburumbuke.

Ariko nanone ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubara iminsi y’imihango bidashobora gutanga icyizere 100% cyo kwirinda gusama inda. Igihe cya ovulation gishobora guhinduka hagati y’ukwezi n’ukundi.

Kugira ngo tubyumve neza, reka twibaze ibibazo:

Ukwezi k'umugore ni iki?

Ukwezi k'umugore (menstrual cycle) ni igihe uhereye ku munsi wa mbere w’imihango (umunsi wa mbere waboneyeho imihango) kugeza ku wundi munsi ubanziriza itangira ry’imihango ikurikira.

Hano rero, abantu benshi hari ikintu bakunda kwitiranya: ...abagore n'abakobwa benshi bakunze kugendera ku minsi y'ukwezi gusanzwe (kalendari) bigatuma bibeshya ko bafite ukwezi guhindagurika.

Mbere na mbere banza usobanukiwe ko iyo tuvuze ngo 'umunsi wa 1' w'ukwezi k'umugore bitandukanye n'iminsi y'ukwezi gusanzwe kw'amataliki yo kuri kalendari.

Urugero:

• Reka tuvuge ko imihango yatangiye ku wa 1 Nzeri. Ubwo ni umunsi wa mbere w'imihango (kuko nibwo watangiriyeho imihango), hanyuma dukemeze tubare 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 n'ibindi...
• Hagati aho ariko mihango yageze aho irarangira wenda nko k'umunsi wa 3 cg 5, ariko ibyo ntibyatubujije gukomeza kubara.
• Hanyuma tugeze ku italiki ya 29 Nzeri (muri kwa kwezi nanone) indi mihango iratangira. Ubwo turahita twongera dutangire kuri rimwe, bityo nubwo ari italiki ya 29 Nzeri kuri kalendari; ariko ni umunsi wa mbere w'ukundi kwezi k'umugore.
• Bityo, ukwezi kwawe kurangiye kwagize iminsi 28.
• Hanyuma dukomeze tubare duhereye umunsi wa mbere (twongeye kuboneraho imihango) watangiye ku taliki 29 Nzeri...
• Nanone tugeze ku italiki ya 27 Ukwakira, urongeye ubonye indi mihango. Ubwo nanone turongera dutangire ko ari umunsi wa mbere w'imihango, tutitaye ko ari italiki ya 27 Ukwakira.
• Nanone nubara urasanga ukwezi (k'umugore) kurangiye kwaragize iminsi 28.

Muri make umunsi wa mbere uboneyeho imihango tuwita 'UMUNSI WA MBERE' tutitaye ku mataliki byabereyeho, hanyuma tugakomeza kubara kugeza igihe uboneye indi mihango; nanone tugahita twongera gutangira kuri rimwe.

Hanyuma iminsi irimo hagati, kuva ubonye imihango kugeza wongeye kubona indi mihango, ni yo twita Ukwezi k'umugore. Akenshi iminsi y'ukwezi gusanzwe (kutari kurekure cyangwa kugufi) iba iri hagati ya 21 na 35.

Mbere na mbere banza usobanukiwe ko iyo tuvuze ngo 'umunsi wa 1' w'ukwezi k'umugore bitandukanye n'iminsi y'ukwezi gusanzwe kw'amataliki yo kuri kalendari.

Ovulation ni iki?

Ovulation ni igihe intanga ngore irekurwa n’imirerantanga (ovary).

Iki gihe ni ingenzi cyane ku muntu ushaka gusama cyangwa ushaka kwirinda gusama inda itateganyijwe, kuko gusama bishobora kubaho iyo intanga ngabo ihuye n’intanga ngore.

Ikosa rikunze gukorwa ni gutekereza ko ovulation ihora iba ku munsi wa 14 kuri buri mugore. Si ko bigenda kuri bose.

Igihe ovulation ibera gishobora gutandukana hagati y’abantu ndetse no hagati y’ukwezi kumwe n’ukundi.

Kugira ngo ubyumve neza, ugomba kubanza gusobanukirwa ibyo twasobanuye mu ngingo ya mbere (Ukwezi k'umugore ni iki?); hanyuma ukanamenya uko gukurikirana imihango yawe (Nakurikirana nte imihango yanjye?) nibura mu gihe kiri hagati y'amezi 6 na 12 akurikirana.

Nakurikirana nte imihango yanjye?

Gukurikirana imihango yawe ushobora gukoresha:

• kwandika kuri kalendari isanzwe;
• kwandika mu ikaye;
• telefoni;
• cyangwa application yo gukurikirana imihango.

Buri kwezi andika nibura:

1. Itariki imihango yatangiriyeho
2. Itariki yarangiriyeho
3. Uburebure bw’ukwezi
4. Ingano y’amaraso, niba hari impinduka ikomeye
5. Ububabare ufite
6. Ibindi bimenyetso nk’umunaniro, kubyimba amabere cyangwa impinduka mu myumvire.

Gukurikirana ibi bimenyetso bishobora gufasha wowe na muganga kumenya niba hari impinduka mu mihango yawe.

Imihango isanzwe ni iyihe?

Nta mubare umwe uhari w'iminsi y'ukwezi k'umugore, abagore bose bahuriyeho. Ahubwo buri mugore agira ukwezi kwe kandi gushobora kuba gutandukanye n'ukwezi k'undi mugore. Bityo rero sibyiza ko wabara ukwezi kwawe ugendeye ku bandi cyangwa kugereranya ibyawe n'ibyabandi kuko akenshi bizakuyobya.

Icyakora abagore benshi hari iminsi (igize ukwezi) bakunze guhuriraho. Ku bantu benshi, ukwezi kwabo kugira hagati y’iminsi 21 na 35 bifatwa nk’igihe gisanzwe. Nanone ariko ahari aho uzasanga bavuga ko n'ukwezi gufite iminsi iri hagati ya 24 na 35 nako ari ukwezi gusanzwe ku bantu bakuru. Icy’ingenzi ni ukureba uko imihango yawe isanzwe imeze ndetse n’impinduka ziyigaragaramo kandi ibyo ntibisobanura byanze bikunze ko hari ikibazo.

Icyakora iyo ukomeje kubara gutyo mu gihe cy'ameze ari hagati ya 6 na 12; iminsi yakunze kugarukamo kenshi niyo yitirirwa ukwezi kwawe kandi niyo yarekana niba ufite ukwezi guhindagurika cyangwa kudahindagurika.

Urugero; umuntu ashobora kugira:

• iminsi 27 ukwezi kumwe;
• iminsi 28 mu kundi kwezi;
• iminsi 29 mu kundi kwezi;
• iminsi 30 mu kundi kwezi;
• iminsi 28 mu kundi kwezi;
• iminsi 29 mu kundi kwezi;
• iminsi 28 mu kundi kwezi;
• iminsi 28 mu kundi kwezi;

Wibuke hano turi kuvuga ukwezi k'umugore (imihango). Kubera ko iminsi 28 ariyo yakunze kugarukamo kenshi, bisobanura ko uyu mugore afite ukwezi kw'iminsi 28 kudahindagurika.

Imihango idasanzwe ni iki?

Imihango ishobora gufatwa nk’idasanzwe iyo iza mu bihe bitandukanye cyane, ukwezi kukaba kugufi cyane cyangwa kurekure cyane ugereranyije n’ibisanzwe kuri uwo muntu.

Urubuga Office on Women's Health ruvuga ko imihango ishobora gufatwa nk’idasanzwe iyo cycle iba munsi y’iminsi 24 cyangwa irenze iminsi 38, cyangwa iyo uburebure bwayo buhinduka cyane hagati y’ukwezi n’ukundi. Nanone hari aho bavuga ko ukwezi k'umugore kwitwa ko ari kugufi iyo kuri munsi y'iminsi 21 cyangwa kukitwa kurekure iyo kuri hejuru y'iminsi 35.

Impamvu zishobora gutuma imihango ihinduka zirimo ibintu bitandukanye, kandi sibyiza kwifatira umwanzuro wowe ubwawe. Niba impinduka zikomeje cyangwa ziguhangayikishije, ni byiza kuganira na muganga akagufasha kumenya neza uko bimeze.

Ku bakobwa bakiri bato, imihango ishobora kuba idahoraho mu myaka ya mbere nyuma yo gutangira kujya mu mihango. No mu gihe cyo kwegera gucura (menopause), ukwezi kw'imihango (cycle) gushobora guhinduka.

Ni iyihe minsi umuntu ashobora gusama?

Hari igihe mu gihe cy’imihango umuntu ashobora kuba afite amahirwe menshi yo gusama. Iki ni cyo bita igihe cy’uburumbuke (fertile window).

Ariko:

Nta munsi ushobora kwitwa “safe day” 100% hashingiwe kuri kalendari gusa.

Impamvu ni uko umunsi wa ovulation ushobora guhinduka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umuntu ushaka kwirinda usama inda atateganyije, ntakwiriye kwishingikiriza gusa ku gitekerezo ngo “uyu munsi ni safe”.

Uburyo bwo kumenya uburumbuke bushobora gukoresha:

• kubara iminsi;
• kureba impinduka mu rurenda rwo mu myanya ndangagitsina (cervical mucus);
• gukurikirana ubushyuhe bw’umubiri igihe uri kuruhuka (basal body temperature);
• cyangwa gukoresha uburyo buhuza ibi bimenyetso.

Urubuga CDC rusobanura ubu buryo nka fertility-awareness-based methods.

Uburyo bwo kubara fertile window ukoresheje cycle 6

Hari uburyo bwa kalendari bushingiye ku gukurikirana imihango nibura amezi 6. Ukurikije amabwiriza ya WHO:

Umunsi wa mbere w’uburumbuke ubarwa:

• Ku kwezi (cycle) kugufi cyane, dukuramo umubare − 18.

Umunsi wa nyuma w’uburumbuke ubarwa:

• Ku kwezi (cycle) kurekure cyane, dukuramo umubare − 11.

Urugero:

Niba mu mezi 6 ashize:

• Ukwezi (cycle) kugufi cyane kwaragize iminsi 27;
• Ukwezi (cycle) kurekure cyane kwaragize iminsi 31;

ubara:

27 − 18 = 9

31 − 11 = 20

Bityo, muri uru rugero, iminsi 9 kugeza kuri 20 ni yo ifatwa nk’igihe cyo kwitondera uburumbuke hakoreshejwe ubu buryo.

Icyitonderwa: Urubuga WHO ruvuga ko bisaba ko imibare ivugururwa buri kwezi hakoreshejwe amezi (cycles) 6 aheruka y'ukwezi k'umugore.

Icyitonderwa gikomeye: Uru rugero ntiruvuze ko iminsi 1–8 cyangwa nyuma y’umunsi wa 20 ari “iminsi itekanye (safe days)” ijana ku ijana (100%). Ni igereranya rishingiye ku mibare y’imihango ishize.

Ni iki wakora niba ushaka kwirinda gusama inda utateganyije?

Niba udashaka gusama, ntukishingikirize gusa ku kubara iminsi. Ushobora kuganira na muganga cyanwa umukozi ushinzwe ubuzima ku buryo butandukanye bwo kuboneza urubyaro, harimo:

• agakingirizo;
• ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro;
• inshinge;
• implant;
• IUD;
• cyangwa uburyo bwo kumenya uburumbuke.

Uburyo bukwiye umuntu bushobora guterwa n’ubuzima bwawe, ibyo ukunda, gahunda yo kubyara n’izindi mpamvu. Muganga cyanwa umukozi ushinzwe ubuzima azagufsha kumenya uburyo wakoresha bukubereye.

Niba ushaka gusama ho bite?

Gukurikirana ukwezi kwawe k'imihango (cycle) bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ushobora kuba ufite uburumbuke bwinshi.

Ningombwa kwandika:

• umunsi wa mbere w’imihango;
• uburebure bwa cycle;
• impinduka mu mususu wo mu myanya ndangagitsina;
• n’izindi mpinduka z’umubiri ushobora kubona.

Ariko ibi ntibisobanura ko ushobora kumenya umunsi nyawo wa ovulation buri gihe ukoresheje kalendari gusa.

Igihe wonsa cyangwa umaze kubyara ukwiye kwitonda

Nyuma yo kubyara, ukwezi kwawe (cycle) gushobora kudahita isubira uko yari isanzwe. No konsa bishobora kugira uruhare mu ihinduka ry’imihango.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, kubara iminsi hakoreshejwe cycle zisanzwe bishobora kutaba uburyo bwizewe muri icyo gihe. 

Niba umaze kubyara, wonsa cyangwa imihango itaragaruka, ganira na muganga cyangwa umukozi w’ubuzima niba ushaka kwirinda gusama inda utateganyije.

Ni ryari wakwihutira kujya kwa muganga?

Gukurikirana imihango sibwo buryo bwo kwiyitaho. Hari ibimenyetso bikwiye gutuma usaba inama za muganga cyangwa umukozi w’ubuzima.

Ganira n’a muganga niba:

• imihango yawe yahindutse cyane ugereranyije n’uko yari isanzwe;
• ukwezi (cycle) kwawe gukomeza kuba kugufi cyane cyangwa kurekure cyane;
• imihango ibura kandi uwari uyitegereje;
• urimo kuva amaraso bidasanzwe hagati mu kwezi;
• ufite ububabare bukomeye bukubuza gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi;
• kuva amaraso menshi cyangwa bikagutera intege nke;
• cyangwa hari ikindi kimenyetso kidasanzwe wagizeho impungenge.

Urubuga Office on Women's Health ruvuga ko ububabare cyangwa kuva amaraso bituma umuntu atabasha gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe atari ibintu umuntu agomba kwihanganira gusa, kandi bishobora gukenera gusuzumwa no kuvurwa.