Indwara ya Hypertension (Umuvuduko Ukabije w’Amaraso): Impamvu abanyarwanda 1 muri 3 babana na yo batabizi

Hypertension ni iki?

Hypertension ni indwara ibaho iyo umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ibisanzwe.

Bibaho igihe amaraso asunika inkuta z’imitsi y’amaraso (arteries) n’imbaraga nyinshi, bigatuma umutima ukora cyane kurusha uko bisanzwe.

Umuvuduko w’amaraso ugaragazwa n’imibare ibiri:

• Umubare wo hejuru (systolic): igihe umutima utera
• Umubare wo hasi (diastolic): igihe umutima uruhutse

Ibipimo bisanzwe:

• Ubusanzwe: munsi ya 120/80 mmHg
• Hypertension: 130/80 mmHg cyangwa hejuru yayo
• Urwego rukomeye cyane: hejuru ya 180/120 mmHg (ibi ni ibyihutirwa kwa muganga)  

Ibimenyetso bya Hypertension

Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi kuri hypertension ni uko:

• Akenshi nta bimenyetso igaragaza (ni yo mpamvu yitwa “silent killer”)
• Umuntu ashobora kuyimarana imyaka myinshi atabizi

Ariko iyo ikabije cyane, ishobora gutera:

• Headache (kubabara umutwe)
• Guhumeka nabi
• Kuzungera (Kugira isereri)
• Kuva amaraso mu mazuru
• Kureba ibikezikezi cyangwa Kubona ibintu bitagaragara neza

Impamvu zitera Hypertension

Hypertension ishobora guterwa n’impamvu nyinshi:

1. Hypertension isanzwe (Primary Hypertension)

Nta mpamvu nimwe izwi neza. Icyakora ishobora guterwa n’ibintu byinshi birimo:

• Imyaka
• Amateka mu muryango
• Indyo irimo umunyu mwinshi
• Kunywa inzoga nyinshi
• Kutagira imyitozo

2. Hypertension ifite impamvu izwi (Secondary Hypertension)

Ubu bwoko bwa Hypertension iterwa n’izindi ndwara cyangwa ibintu nka:

• Indwara z’impyiko
• Ibibazo bya hormones
• Imiti imwe n’imwe
• Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge

Ibintu byongera ibyago (Risk factors)

• Kugira ibiro byinshi
• Kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri (siporo)
• Kunywa itabi
• Stress nyinshi
• Kurya umunyu mwinshi
• Indwara nka diyabete
• Kunywa inzoga nyinshi

Ingaruka za Hypertension ku buzima

Iyo hypertension itavuwe, yangiza umubiri buhoro buhoro:

1. Indwara z’umutima

• Heart Attack
• Heart Failure

2. Indwara z’ubwonko

• Stroke
• Kwibagirwa no kugabanuka kw’ubwenge (dementia)

3. Indwara z’impyiko

• Kidney Disease

4. Ibibazo by’amaso

• Kugabanuka kw’ireba cyangwa ubuhumyi

5. Ibindi

• Gufunga cyangwa gukomera kw’imitsi y’amaraso
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka no gutekereza
• Indwara z’imyanya myibarukiro (nko kudashobora gutera akabariro ku bagabo)

Iyo hypertension itavuwe, yangiza umubiri buhoro buhoro...

Umutwe uterwa na Hypertension

Umutwe uterwa na hypertension (hypertensive headache) uboneka cyane iyo umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru cyane.

Uko uba umeze:

• Ubabara cyane umutwe - utera nk'imisonga (pulsating)
• Ukunze kuba ku mpande zombi z’umutwe (mu misaya)
• Ukomera/ubabaza cyane mu gitondo cyangwa igihe umuntu aryamye
• Ushobora kuwumarana amasaha menshi cyangwa iminsi

Ibindi bimenyetso bijyana nawo:

• Kubona nabi
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Kuzungera cyangwa kumva ugiye guta ubwenge

Umutwe nk’uyu ushobora kuba ikimenyetso cya hypertensive crisis, bisaba kwihutira kwa muganga.

Uko Hypertension ivurwa no kuyirinda

1. Guhindura imibereho

• Kurya indyo yuzuye (imbuto, imboga, ibinyampeke)
• Kugabanya umunyu
• Gukora siporo nibura iminota 30 ku munsi
• Kugabanya ibiro
• Kureka itabi
• Kugabanya cyangwa kureka inzoga
• Kugabanya stress

2. Imiti

• Abaganga bashobora gutanga imiti igabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso, igomba gufatwa buri gihe nk’uko byategetswe.

Nanone ni ingenzi cyane ko umuntu ufite imyaka 35 cyangwa ayirengeje yahora yisuzumisha kenshi kugira ngo ashobore kumenya uko umuvuduko w'amaraso uhagaze, bityo bikamufasha kwirinda ingaruka ziterwa n'indwara ya Hypertension hakiri kare.

Akamaro ko kwisuzumisha kenshi

Kubera ko hypertension akenshi nta bimenyetso igira:

• Ni ngombwa gupima umuvuduko w’amaraso kenshi
• Gupimisha nibura buri mwaka (cyangwa kenshi ku bafite ibyago byinshi)
• Kwiyitaho hakiri kare birinda ingaruka zikomeye

Umwanzuro

Hypertension ni indwara ikomeye ariko ishobora kugenzurwa. Nubwo akenshi itagaragaza ibimenyetso, ishobora gutera umutwe ukabije n’izindi ngaruka zikomeye ku mutima, ubwonko, impyiko n’amaso.

Kwisuzumisha kenshi, kubaho neza no gukurikiza inama za muganga ni byo by’ingenzi mu kuyirinda no kuyivura.